Home » 2016 » February » 19

Daily Archives: February 19, 2016

Latihan 2 Kebudayaan Indonesia

Pertanyaan: Latihan 2

Status: tercapai (100%)

Keterangan: sudah mengerjakan latihan tersebut.

Pembuktian:

[pe2-image src=”http://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-cFJzb6LonSA/VscD9f_9X2I/AAAAAAAAA0Q/M08n2HnmWCE/s144-c-o/16%252520-%2525201.png” href=”https://picasaweb.google.com/104189907017486661757/2191602#6252970962723888994″ caption=”Latihan 2 kebudayaan indonesia” type=”image” alt=”16 – 1″ ]

A. TOEFL MODEL TEST : Reading Comprehension 1

A. TOEFL MODEL TEST : Reading Comprehension 1

It has long been known that when the green parts of plants are exposed to light undersuitableconditions of temperature and moisture, carbon dioxide is absorbed by the plant from the atmospheric CO2, and oxygen is released into the air. This exchange of gases in plants is the opposite of the process that occurs in respiration. In this plant process, which is called photosynthesis, carbohydrates are synthesized in the presence of light from carbon dioxide and water by specialized structures in the cytoplasm of plant cells called chloroplasts. These chloroplasts contain not only two types of light-trapping green chlorophyll but also a vast array of protein substances called enzymes. In most plants, the water required by the photosynthesis process is absorbed from the soil by the roots and translocated through the xylem of the root and stem to the chlorophyll-laden leaves. Except for the usually small percentage used in respiration, the oxygen released in the process diffuses out of the leaf into the atmosphere through stomates. In simple terms, carbon dioxide is the fuel, and the oxygen is the product of the chemical reaction. For each molecule of carbon dioxide used, one molecule of oxygen is released. Here is a summary chemical equation for photosynthesis :

6CO2 + 6H2O ® C6H12O6 + 6O2

As a result of this process, radiant energy from the sun is stored as chemical energy. In turn, the chemical energy is used to decompose carbon dioxide and water. The products of their decomposition are recombined into a new compound, which successively builds up into the more and more complex substances that comprise the plant. These organic substances, that is, the sugars, starches, and cellulose, all belong to the class of organic molecules. In other words, the process of photosynthesis can be understood as an enzyme-induced chemical change from carbon dioxide and water into the simple sugar glucose. This carbohydrate, in turn, is utilized by the plant to generate other forms of energy, such as the long chains of plant cells or polymers that comprise the cellular structures of starches or cellulose. Many intermediate steps are involved in the production of a simple sugar or starch. At the same time, a balance of gases is preserved in the atmosphere by the process of photosynthesis.

B. List new vocabulary with their meaning:

Exposed: make (something) visible by uncovering it.
Suitable: adj. right or appropriate for a particular person, purpose, or situation.
Moisture: n. water or other liquid diffused in a small quantity as vapour, within a solid, or condensed on a surface.
Absorbed: adj. adjective engross the attention of.
Exchange: n. verb give something and receive something else, especially of the same kind, in return.
Photosynthesis: n. the process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide and water.
Synthesized: make by synthesis. combine into a coherent whole. produce (sound) electronically.
Cytoplasm: n. Biology the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.
Chloroplast: n. Botany a structure in green plant cells which contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.
Enzymes: n. Biochemistry a substance consisting largely or wholly of protein that is produced by a living organism and acts as a catalyst to promote a specific biochemical reaction.
Translocated: v. chiefly technical move from one place to another.
Xylem: n. Botany the vascular tissue in plants which conducts water and dissolved nutrients upwards from the root and also helps to form the woody element in the stem.
Atmosphere: the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet.
Decompose: (of a chemical compound) break down into component elements.
Recombined: v. combine again or differently.
Compound: a thing composed of two or more separate elements.
Successively: adj. following one another or following others.
Starches: an odourless, tasteless carbohydrate which is obtained chiefly from cereals and potatoes and is an important constituent of the human diet.
Glucose: n. A simple sugar which is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.
Polymers: n. Chemistry a substance with a molecular structure formed from many identical small molecules or other units bonded together.
Intermediate: coming between two things in time, place, character, etc.
Involved: include as a necessary part or result. cause to experience or participate in an activity or situation.
Preserved: maintain in its original or existing state. keep alive (a memory or quality).
C. Ideas of each paragraph :

Paragraph 1 : It has long been known that when the green parts of plants are exposed to light under suitable conditions of temperature and moisture.

Paragraph 2: As a result of this process, radiant energy from the sun is stored as chemical energy.

D. Answer questions given

1. Which title best expresses the ideas in this passage?

A. A Chemical Equation
B. The Process of Photosynthesis
C. The Parts of Vascular Plants
D. The Production of Sugar

2. The combination of carbon dioxide and water to form sugar results in an excess of

A. water
B. oxygen
C. carbon
D. chlorophyll

3. Which process is the opposite of photosynthesis?
A. Decomposition
B. Synthesization
C. Diffusion
D. Respiration

4. In photosynthesis, energy from the sun is
A. changed to chemical energy
B. conducted from the xylem to the leaves of green plants
C. not necessary to the process
D. released one to one for each molecule of carbon dioxide used

5. The word stored in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
A. retained
B. converted
C. discovered
D. specified

6. The word their in paragraph 2 refers to
A. radiant energy and chemical energy
B. carbon dioxide and water
C. products
D. complex substances

7. The word successively in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
A. with effort
B. In a sequence
C. slowly
D. carefully

8. Besides the manufacturer of food for plants, what is another benefit of photosynthesis?
A. It produces solar energy
B. It diffuses additional carbon dioxide into the air
C. It maintains a balance of gases in the atmosphere
D. It removes harmful gases from the air

9. Which of the following is NOT true of the oxygen used in photosynthesis?
A. Oxygen is absorbed by the roots
B. Oxygen is the product of photosynthesis
C. Oxygen is used in respiration
D. Oxygen is released into the atmosphere through the leaves

E. Summary of the passage:

It has long been known that when the green parts of plants are exposed to light under suitable conditions of temperature and moisture, carbon dioxide is absorbed by the plant from the atmospheric CO2, and oxygen is released into the air. For each molecule of carbon dioxide used, one molecule of oxygen is released. Here is a summary chemical equation for photosynthesis : 6CO2 + 6H2O ® C6H12O6 + 6O2. As a result of this process, radiant energy from the sun is stored as chemical energy. In turn, the chemical energy is used to decompose carbon dioxide and water. The products of their decomposition are recombined into a new compound, which successively builds up into the more and more complex substances that comprise the plant.

Visitors

free counters

Archives

February 2016
M T W T F S S
1234567
891011121314
15161718192021
22232425262728
29